Professional Medicine (OT) is a career in healthcare that makes a person independent in everyday life. It helps in promoting physical, mental and emotional health through purposeful activity. In attempting to provide effective intervention, occupational therapists apply various models or frameworks guiding their practice. Occupational Therapy Models assist therapists in comprehending the needs of a patient and devising proper interventions.
In this section, we will discuss the most popular occupational therapy models, why they are so critical, and how they prove beneficial in giving adequate treatment.
What Are Occupational Therapy Models?
Occupational Therapy Models are the environment in which the therapist makes the assessments, plans for treatment, and provides treatment to clients. Models offer a concrete environment where one is capable of observing one’s strengths, deficits, and goals.
All the models emphasize different aspects of a patient’s well-being, i.e., physical function, mental status, social interaction, or environment. Occupational therapists can use the models to develop individualized treatment plans that will lead their patients to independence.
Why Occupational Therapy Models are Important
Occupational therapy models assist occupational therapists in:
- Planning and organizing their treatment plan.
- Determining the way in which different variables affect an individual to carry out activities of daily living.
- Select interventions that are evidence-based and responsive to the stated conditions.
- Employ evidence-based practice on an ongoing basis.
- Models of Occupational Therapy
There are some common occupational therapy models informing practice. They are all methods of thinking independently and are used as dictated by the client’s situation.
1. Human Business Model (Moho) The model of human business is the most popular model in professional therapy. MOHO was developed by Gary Kielhofner. MOHO is a model describing people’s occupation in daily life.
- MOHO addresses three primary variables that describe how well a person can participate in occupations:
- Volition – Interest, value, and an individual’s motivation to self-motivate.
- Habituation – Habits and roles that promote familiarity and routine in one’s life.
- Performance Capacity – Physical and mental ability to carry out activity.
1. This model helps the physician understand environmental factors and internal motivation affects a person’s involvement in daily life.
2. Individual environmental business (peo) model Person-environment-capza (PEO) model is made on the interaction of three elements:
- Person – The energy, ability, and competence of the person.
- Environment – Physical, social, and cultural setting.
- Occupation – The occupations performed day by day and giving meaning to life.
- This model directs the physician in identifying the impact of the environment on the performance of activities by the customer. This model is equally applicable in defines amendments to make homes, workplaces, or communities in the interest of moving forward.
3. Professional display and Canadian Model of Engagement (CMOP-E) Canadian model of professional performance and engagement emphasizes participation in meaningful businesses.
- Person – It encompasses the physical, cognitive, and affective.
- Occupation – The things one has to, should, or wants to do.
- Environment – It is the area that influences involvement.
This model uses the definition of occupational engagement as being occupied and busy with purposeful action.
4. The Biomechanical Model
The Biomechanical Model is used with physically disabled clients, for example, injury or musculoskeletal disease. This model addresses:
- Strength
- Range of motion
- Endurance
- Posture
Therapists utilizing this model design exercise programs, adaptive strategies, and assistive technology to help clients restore movement and function.
5. The Cognitive Model
Cognitive models can be helpful for individuals with cognitive loss, such as brain injury, dementia or development disorders. This model focuses on:
- Memory
- Problem-solving ability
- Attention
- Perception
The Cognitive Model is utilized by therapists to develop strategies that help clients improve cognitive functioning and perform activities independently.
How Occupational Therapy Models are Applied in Practice
These models are applied by occupational therapists to:
- Assess the Client – Identify the patient’s problems, strengths, and goals.
- Plan Treatment – Choose the most appropriate model to direct treatment.
- Apply Interventions – Administer exercise, activity, or environmental modifications.
- Track Progress – Track improvement and adjust accordingly.
For instance, if the client is having trouble dressing because of arthritis, the Biomechanical Model therapist will attempt to enable joint movement and prescribe adaptive equipment. If the trouble is a result of cognitive impairments, then the Cognitive Model therapist will employ memory reminders and sequencing cues.
Role of Occupational Therapy MCQs in Learning
For students as well as for professionals, occupational therapy MCQ practice is a great drill in cross-checking and revision of knowledge for the exam. MCQ makes the students get a clear understanding of the concepts of various occupational therapy models and apply the same in actual situations.
Some general typical occupational therapy MCQs are:
- For recognizing the principles of various models of OT.
- To determine the correct intervention to the provided condition.
- Comprehending the influence of the environment on occupational performance.
- Regular practice of MCQs may help to improve occupational therapy education and problem-solving ability.
Conclusion
Occupational therapy models offer a comprehensive method of understanding and treating individuals who have physical, cognitive, or emotional impairments. Whether MOHO, PEO, CMOP-E, the Biomechanical Model, or the Cognitive Model is applied, occupational therapists can develop interventions to address the unique needs of their clients.
By recognizing and implementing these occupational therapy models, the therapists will be efficient and effective in their intervention. Through occupational therapy MCQ, students and professionals alike can enhance their skills and capacities.
Occupational therapy is all about enabling individuals to live to their potential, and the models just do exactly that.
